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bai 2024-09-20 08:17:51 +08:00
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Chapter 1.
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[]\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 分布
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 式系
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 统与
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 云计
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 算的
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 区别:|
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 云计
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 算主
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 要侧
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 重资
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 源的
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 使用
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 方式,|
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 包括
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 硬件
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 资源、|
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 软件
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 资源,|
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 分布
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 式系
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\TU/FandolSong-Regular(0)/m/n/12 统是
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[1
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Chapter 2.
[5
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Chapter 3.
[10
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Chapter 4.
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在一个给定的联网环境中的更有效的操作,如在一个自组织网络中的路由;
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
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[13]
Chapter 5.
[14
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Chapter 6.
[16
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Chapter 7.
[17
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@ -216,14 +216,22 @@ RPC调用语义\textbf{或许调用语义}远程方法可能执行一次或
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\multicolumn{3}{|c}{容错措施}& \\\cline{1-3}
重发请求消息 & 过滤重复消息 & 重新执行过程或重传应答 & 调用语义\\
& 对象 & 消息传递 & 请求-应答 &组通信\\
& 组件 & 套接字 &RPC &发布-订阅\\
& web服务 &多播 &RMI &消息队列\\
& & & &元组空间\\
&&&&DSM\\\hline
\end{tabular}
RPC致力于提供最少的位置透明性和访问透明性隐藏可能是远程的过程的物理位置也以同样的方式访问本地和远程的过程。中间件还能给RPC提供额外程度的透明性。
对于服务接口中的每个方法,访问服务的客户端包含一个存根过程(stub procedure),该过程的行为对于客户端来说就像本地过程,负责把过程标识符和参数编码成一个请求消息,该消息通过它的通信模块发给服务器。当应答消息返回时,它将对结果进行解码。对于服务接口中的每个方法,服务器端包含分发器程序、服务器存根过程和服务过程。分发器过程根据请求消息中的过程标识符选择一个服务器存根过程,存根过程负责对请求消息中的参数解码,然后调用相应的服务过程,并把返回编码成应答消息。服务过程是服务接口的过程具体实现。
在远程方法引用Remote Method Invocation)编程过程中程序员能够在分布式系统软件开发中使用所有面向对象编程的功能包括类、对象、继承的使用以及相关面向对象的设计方法和相关的工具使用在基于RMI系统中所有对象都有唯一的对象引用对象引用可做为参数进行传递因此RMI比RPC提供了更为丰富的参数传递语义。对象引用是第一类值first-class value因此它们可以赋给变量也可以作为参数传递或者作为方法的结果返回。
对象的状态由它的实例变量值组成。分布式对象系统可以采用客户-服务器体系结构,也可以采用其他体系结构模型。如为了获得良好的容错性并提高性能,可以复制对象;为了改善性能和可能用,可以迁移对象。将客户和服务器对象分布在不同的进程中,可提高封装性。
不管是否在同一台计算机内,不同进程中的对象之间的方法调用都被认为是远程方法调用,在同一进程中的对象间的方法调用称为本地方法调用。我们将能够接收远程调用的对象称为远程对象。
远程对象引用:如果对象能访问远程对象的远程对象引用,那么它们就可以调用该远程对象上的方法。
远程接口:每个远程对象都有一个远程接口,由该接口指定哪些方法可以被远程调用。
\chapter{基本概念}

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\simsun
%\begin{abstract}
%\end{abstract}
@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
人之患在好为人师(缺点,毛病)\par
忧:担忧,发愁。丁忧(遇到父母丧事)\par
虑:考虑,打算。\par
\section{2024-7-29}
寝:躺着睡觉,不一定睡着\par
卧:靠在几上睡觉,也不一定睡着,引申为躺着睡觉\par
眠:本意是闭上眼睛,引申为睡觉\par
@ -59,10 +58,6 @@
贼:狠毒,董卓狼戾(凶狠)贼忍(残忍)\par
谮:说坏话诬陷别人\par
如之何:为什么,怎么办,怎么样\par
\section{2024-8-5}
竊:谦辞,表示自己说的话不一定说的对,自己做的事不一定对\par
诛:谴责,口诛笔伐;要求别人负责供给东西,诛求无时\par
谗:说别人坏话\par
@ -92,14 +87,8 @@
苟:苟且,不严肃,与敬相对。一丝不苟\par
显:光明,放光明,光明的,一般用于抽象意义。引申为显贵,在社会上层。\par
著:显露,见微知著;附着,写作着,着意,用心;着鞭,马上加鞭;土著,定居于一地,不是游牧的;\par
\section{2024-9-17}
俟:等待,静女其姝,俟我于城隅。
俟、待、等,候。俟和待在先秦时期都有等待的意义。等和候作等待则是后起义。等在上古时期多做同样或等级讲,如等死,死国可乎?等死,并不是等待死。
俟:等待,静女其姝,俟我于城隅。\par
俟、待、等,候。俟和待在先秦时期都有等待的意义。等和候作等待则是后起义。等在上古时期多做同样或等级讲,如等死,死国可乎?等死,并不是等待死。\par
罔:渔猎用的网,作结绳而为罔罟;张网捕捉,罔玳瑁;联结,罔薜荔兮为帷;骗取,欺骗,则不能以非功罔上利,欺天罔君;无,没有,初并天下,罔不宾服。迷惘,学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆;罔然,失意,精神恍惚的样子,罔然若酲;副词,不,罔罪尔等;副词,不要,罔失法度,罔游于逸,罔淫于乐。
@ -156,8 +145,445 @@
巫:古代以降神、祈祷、占卜、治病为职业的人。此人所以简巫祝也(简:轻视。祝:指给人求神祝福的人)
以瓦注者巧,以钩注者惮,以黄金注者婚\par
注疏:注和疏的并称。注,对经书字句的注解,又称传、笺、解、章句等;疏,对注的注解,又称义疏、正义、疏义等。注、疏内容关乎经籍中文字正假、语词意义、音读正讹、语法修辞,以及名物、典制、史实等。\par
壹:专一,好而壹之神以成;统一;副词,大概,都,政事壹决于大将军光;副词,一旦,一经;壹何,多么,拔剑割肉,壹何壮也!\par
何为不去也?\par
真正的原始社会应该是充满血腥和杀戮的战场,而不是知识分子构想的大同世界\par
绳,小绳子;索,大绳子\par
笃:厚重、厚道;坚定,专一,笃志而体;引申:深、甚,病重\par
里:古代一种居民组织,先秦以二十五家为里,泛指乡里,家乡。\par
用:介词,因为,由于,(广)用善骑射,杀首虏多;介词,以,用其姊妻之\par
zhu\v{o},附着,加.....于上。常恐祖生先吾著鞭。著笔,著眼\par
谨:谨慎,小心;严,严格,慢令严诛,贼也。\par
考:年龄大;完成,落成,考仲子之宫;考察、考核;敲,不考不鸣\par
康:平安,安乐;赞美,康周公;空,酌彼康爵\par
肴:熟的鱼肉\par
是故:因此\par
困:不通\par
自反:反求之于自己\par
自强:自己督促自己\par
歉:不足\par
慊:满足\par
如见其肝肺然 像......样子\par
润:滋润,恩泽,惠及,教化,熏陶;潮湿,润泽。\par
困:困窘;贫乏,贫困;困倦,疲乏\par
赐、予、遗、语、告等字,大致有两个宾语\par
为了强调,宾语前置,后用是、之复指\par
狃:习以为常而不加重视,将叔无狃,戒其伤女;贪,嗛嗛之食,不足狃也;满足,毋狃于暂安而忘永逸。\par
荡:摇动;放纵、放荡;荡然:放纵的样子;涤除,洗掉;平坦,广大;荡荡:平坦的样子,广大的样子,大海荡荡水所归。\par
shan\={g},汤汤,水大的样子,浩浩汤汤,横无际涯。\par
表示行为的数量,一般把数词直接放在动词的前面。\par
被动一般用“于”字以引进行为的主动者。
词序不同,现代汉语里,表示被动的介宾词组放在动词的前面,在上古汉语里,引进行为主动者的“于”字介宾词组放在动词后面。
“矣”字是一个表示动态的语气词。它意味着事物的变化和发展。在一般情况下,“矣”字总是把事物发展的现阶段作为新的情况告诉别人 。
尝:副词,曾经,俎豆之事,则尝闻之矣。
有时候,某一情况还没出现,但预料它会出现,用“矣”字表示把它当做新情况告诉别人。
多数情况下,是一个偏正复句,偏句表示一个假设,正句表示在这个条件下的后果。
矣字总是表示一种新情况。
描写句的谓语部分被提到前面去,后面再用“也”字煞句,这样就增加了夸张的语气。
祈使句使用“矣”字,表示祈使者希望对方实现某种行为或完成某种事情。
“矣”和现代的“了”基本一致,也可翻译为了
焉:指示代词兼语气词。指示代词因为它常常指代某一范围或方面;用作语气词,用于叙述句的句尾表示停顿。
“之”字用于及物动词后面,“焉”字用于不及物动词后面。
同一动词,加之与加焉,词义不同。虢叔死焉,死之(及物动词,表示殉难)
君以为易,其难也必将至矣;君以为难,其易也将至焉。
用在疑问句中,保持原来的语法意义,表示疑问语气
古书中用于句中,似乎起着承上启下的作用。
表示否定的句子,其中必有否定词,或副词,或动词,或代词(莫)。
在上古汉语里,用“不毋未莫”四个否定词的否定句,若宾语如果是一个代词,一般总是放在动词的前面。
仁者无忧,知者不惑,勇者不惧。
不后面可以跟及物和不及物动词,可以或不可以带宾语,而弗字一般跟及物动词,且不跟宾语。
不后面的名词可以用如形容词或动词,而弗字后面的名字用如动词。
毋勿。用于祈使句,表示禁止或劝阻,等于现在汉语中的“不要”或“别”;有时表示简单的否定,肉食者鄙,未能远谋\par
未:表示事情还没有实现,等于现代汉语中的“没有”。
未尝:不曾,没有.....过。\par
否:作为应答词与“然”字对立,常用于单句,等于“不”“不是的”;用在肯定否定迭用的句子里,它表示否定的一面。宦三年矣,未知母之存否\par
非:用于判断句中,否定谓语和主语的关系。
又用来否定行为或性质,表示对某一事实的否认,具有撇开的作用;有时用于假设。民非水火不生活。\par
无:有的反面,它所否定的是名词或名词性词组。这个名词或词组是无的宾语
糜不有初,鲜克有终\par
祝:宗庙之官\par
不与无语法上分工:不是副词,否定的是形容词和动词,无是动词,否定的是名词。\par
莫:否定性的无定代词,可译为“没有谁”“没有哪一种东西(事情)”等等。\par
徇:示众\\
疑问句 疑问词\par
一般需要疑问词的帮助,方能发出疑问。\\
疑问代词,疑问语气词\par
疑问句里的疑问代词宾语必须放在动词的前面。吾谁欺?欺天乎?
若有助动词,则放在助动词的前面,臣实不才,又谁敢怨
疑问代词作介词的宾语时,也要放在介词的前面
如....何“若.......何”,“奈.....何”意思是把(对)....怎么样(办)
无或乎王之不智也:惑,不值得奇怪\par
识:能辨别。\par
知,一般的知道;识,比较深的认识;记,一般做记得讲,是识的结果
xi\`{a}n,谒见,拜见,不及物动词;若跟宾语,则被动用法;等于说被,“吾长见笑于大方之家”,有时候,见表示一方面对另一方面施以某种行为,如,见教,表示教我\par
视...为 :比....更。蓋当时视他驿为壮\par
观:有目的的看,观察;观赏,值得观赏的事物\par
望:怨,怨恨,责怪。若望仆不相师\par
bi\'{a}n,衣服瘦小,地方狭小,心胸狭窄(气量狭小);通扁,平而薄\par
视是近看;望是远看;观可近可远;见是视和望的结果,视而不见;睹是见的同义词,不常用,如熟视无睹,耳闻目睹;看是探望。\par
衿:自夸;
伐:夸耀\par
简:选拔,慎简乃僚;抛弃,上贤以崇德,简不肖以绌恶;检阅;忽视,怠慢,服事者简其业。\par
撼:心中不满,懊恼。
恨:遗憾,不满意。
撼与恨是同义词,都表示遗憾,先秦用撼,汉以后用恨;怨,表示仇视,怀恨\par
很:违背,不听话,猛如虎,很如羊,贪如狼;争讼,很不求胜。\par
恕:将自己的心度别人的心。引申为饶恕,宽恕\par
愤:烦闷,引申为憋闷,不愤不启;又为感情激动。
愤与怒上古汉语里意义接近;忿:生气,与怒接近\par
懣:烦闷,愤慨。
忿:愤怒怨恨,不胜其忿。\par
患:担心,发愁;名词,忧患,麻烦。忧患同样,忧多用于比较严重的场合
措意:错意,留意。\par
攻:指责,小子鸣鼓而攻之可也\par
如之何,若之何,是一个凝固形式,有时候用在动词前表示反问,译成“怎么”\\
疑问代词\par
谁,与现代汉语谁一样,是指人的疑问代词。
靖:安定,平定;安静;恭敬。绥靖。
孰:经常表示选择,可以指人,也可以指物;不表示选择时,与谁一样用法
何字偶而可以表示选择。
孰与:比较人物的高下或事情的得失
何:相当与现代汉语中的“什么”。做状语,表示“为什么”“怎么”的意思。\\
安、恶、焉、胡、奚、曷\par
这六个疑问代词,只有做宾语和状语。
做宾语时,安恶是指处所的疑问代词,可以译成“哪里”;胡奚曷和何字相当,可以译成“什么”。恶字只用于恶在、恶乎。
做状语时,安焉恶一般表示反问,可以译成“哪里”“怎么”;胡奚曷一般询问原因,译成“为什么”。
曷:岂,难道,曷若是而可以持国乎?\\
疑问语气词:
乎、诸\par
乎,纯粹语气词,可译为“吗”“呢”。在是非问句里,要译成“吗”;在选择问句里,要译成“呢”;特指问句里译成“呢”;与疑问代词、否定词以及常用的岂、宁字相响应,往往表示反问。
反问句是无疑而问,只是用问句的形式表示肯定或否定,并不一定要求回答。
与其(表示委婉语气)、“无乃”(表示恐怕是的意思)、“得无”(表示该不会的意思)等词相响应的时候,表示一种委婉语气,略等于现代的“吧”字。
有时“乎”表示感叹。
诸字是“之乎”的合音,用于句尾时,可以用之乎去解释,但是只表示疑问和反问\\
与,邪\par
与字略等于现代汉语的“吧”或“吗”字。
两字用法基本一致。\\
\par
主要用途,一是表示反问,二是表示感叹。
有疑问代词或岂相呼应,才表示反问。
永远不表示纯粹的疑问。
乎哉连用时表示纯粹的疑问,那是乎字所带有的语法意义,而哉字只是加强乎字的语气。
哉字和它前面的形容词也可以提到名首,构成倒装句,表示强烈的感叹语气
贤哉回也!野哉由也!\\
表示反问的习惯说法\par
一、不亦......乎,比较委婉的反问说法。
二、何以......为,为的疑问代词宾语“何”放在状语的介词结构前面了,意思是“用......做什么”。何字可以用“奚”“恶”“安”字代替,以字也可以用“用”字代替;也省去“以”。
三、何......之有,是”有何”的倒装,是“有什么......”的意思。\par
胜:承担;尽,不胜枚举\par
王无罪岁:王不要归罪于岁\par
斯:则\par
俭:俭省,节省;约束,不放纵;年成不好,歉收。\par
禦:抵挡、抵抗;阻止,禁止。
御:驾驭车马,驾车的人;驾驭,控制,治理,治事之官;侍奉;进献;与皇帝有关的事物;抵挡\par
然则:既然如何,那么就\par
识:知道,懂得,识众寡之用者胜;\par
爱:吝啬,吝惜。怜惜,爱惜,爱其二毛\par
短墙隐藏隐蔽精徽深奥探赜索隐钩深致远伤痛哀怜yin4,倚,靠,隐几而坐\par
异:不同,不同的;奇怪,惊奇\par
宜:合适,适宜;应该,应当,将军宜枉驾顾之;大概,也许,\par
z\'{e},深奥、玄妙;探求\par
忖:揣测;度:心里衡量。\par
戚戚:心动的样子\par
戚:斧,古代的一种兵器;亲近、亲密;忧伤、悲伤,中心不戚\par
哀:爱,人主胡可以不务哀士,鸟飞返乡,兔走归窟,狐死首丘,寒将翔水,各哀其所生\par
哀、戚、悲、掉:都有悲伤的意思。戚一般表示忧苦、悲哀;哀与悲有怜悯、同情的意思,哀的感情色彩更重些;悼则是悲痛的意思,多用于对死者表示沉痛悼念。\par
复(復):回答,王辞而不复;免除赋税徭役,沛幸得复,丰未复。\par
钧:三十斤。仞:古代七尺或八尺为一仞。\par
独何与?偏偏是什么原因呢?\par
保:抱,抚养,若保赤子;安抚,安定,宽徭役,保士民。\par
何以异?何以,凭什么;怎么区别?\par
挟:用胳膊夹住;拥有,怀着;挟制,用强力逼迫别人执行某事,挟天子以令诸侯;倚仗。\par
超:一跃而上,超乘者三百乘;跳过,若挈泰山以超江河也;遥远,平原忽兮路超远。(忽:空旷辽阔的样子)\par
过:探望,访,会贤大夫少府赵禹来过卫将军;量词,表示行为次数,时道此,非复一过\par
过、越、渝、超:这四个字是同义词。过指一般经过,越、逾有时表示爬过,如越墙、逾墙,超的本义是跳过。\par
恰好:会、适\par
天下可运于掌\par
王:天下;诸侯:国家;大夫:家\par
邦:诸侯的封国;分封;国家,邦以民为本\par
家:家庭,安家,定居,乐羊死,葬于灵寿,其后子孙因家焉;卿大夫统治的地方叫家;学派\par
因:依靠,凭借,因人之力而敝之;介词,依照,根据,因能而授官;介词,趁着,因其无备;沿袭,周因于殷礼;副词,于是,就,秦军解,因大破之;原因;介词,由于,因前使绝国功,封骞博望侯。\par
权:秤,秤锤,称量;衡量,比较;均衡,轻重相权;权变,灵活变通;权且,暂且;暂代官职,以京官权知(主管),三年一易\par
衡:车辕头上套牲畜用的横木;秤杆,秤;衡量,称量,衡之于左右,无私轻重。\par
du\'{o},量长短,度,然后知长短;揣度,推测;量长短的标准,限度,尺度;制度,法度;度量,气量\par
絜:度量物体周围的长度\par
斗:古代量酒器;量器,为之斗斛以量之 ;容量单位,十升为一斗,十斗为一斛;[斗筲],形容才识短浅;\par
锱:古代的重量单位,一说六铢为一锱,四锱为一两。锱铢,比喻微小的数量。身无锱铢之行,能无鹰犬之用。\par
抑:压,与扬相对,高者抑之,下者举之;压抑,抑制;阻止,遏止;俯,低,公仲且抑首而不朝;连词,表示轻微的转折,子夏之门人小子,当洒扫应对进退则可也,抑末也,本之则无;连词,表示选择,相当于现代汉语的“还是”、“或者”。敢问天道也,抑人故也\par
已:通矣\par
从高处往低处看不临深谿不知地之厚也居高临下从上监视着统治降临由上到下面对临战兵弩不可离阵对着书画范本摹仿学习临摹l\`{i}n,哭吊\par
莅:从上监视着,统治;到,方叔莅止,其车三千\par
缘:古时衣服的边饰,一般采用与衣服不同的质料做成,环绕,缘以方城;沿着,顺着,缘溪行;凭借,靠着,缘目则知声可也;攀援,缘木而求鱼;缘分,宿习之缘;因为:花径不曾缘客扫,蓬门今始为君开\par
甚:过分,死不哭亦足矣,又鼓盆而歌,不亦甚乎?;厉害,严重,防民之口,甚于防川,盗暴尤甚;大,路中雨甚;真的,的确,甚然;副词,很,非常,甚美必有甚恶;什么,为什么,甚时休?甚当时健者也曾闲\par
殆:危险,知彼知己,百战不殆;近于,若是,大事殆乎弛,小事殆乎遂;几乎,用笔极新细,殆不见墨迹;副词:大概,恐怕,吾尝见一子于路,殆君之子也,此殆空言,非至计也。\par
d\`{a}i,哄骗,欺骗。\par
集:群鸟停在树上,黄鸟于飞,集于灌木;聚焦,天下云集而响应;降落,时雨降集;停留,欲远集而无所止兮;成功,今日之事幸而集,晋国赖之;安定,天下初定,远方黔首未集。\par
遡:逆水流而上;追溯;面向,朝着,咸遡风而欲翔。\par
通诉诉说薄言往诉逢彼之怒薄言动词词头进谗言诽谤愬子路于季孙向着se4,惊恐,愬而再拜\par
惛:不明白,糊涂,今之嗣主,忽于至道,皆惛于教;神志不清,仍复命饮,俄倾数斗,凭几惛睡,若大醉者(仍,于是)。惛惛,默默无闻,无惛惛之事者,无赫赫之功;糊涂,神志不清,惛惛不辩\par
pi4,行为不正;放,放纵\par
制:裁制,制作;禁止,遏制,制以刑;规定,制定,制礼作乐;规章,制度;控制,掌握,从天而颂之,孰与制天命而用之。\par
仍:因袭,沿袭,仍旧贯,如之何?;重复,屡次,晋无道而鲜冑,其将失之矣,频仍;连续,接续,旧雨仍新雨,今年胜去年;副词,因而,于是,帝平齐,仍有定关洛意;副词,仍旧,仍然;副词,而且,又,老夫最爱嚼香雪,不但解酲仍涤热\par
则是:那么这是\par
囿:畜养禽兽的园地,菜园,囿有见杏;事物聚焦的地方,真可谓万象之形囿(万象,各种形象);局限,指见识不广,囿于见闻。\par
圃:种植蔬菜瓜果的园子;事物聚焦的地方;种植蔬菜瓜果的人\par
郊:上古时代国都城外百里以内的称为郊;城外,野外,军于邯郸之郊;古代皇帝每年冬至在南郊祭天。\par
畿:国都四周的广大地区,邦畿千里,维民所止;京城所管辖的地区,畿内户口;地域,地区,北走出秦畿;门槛,门限,薄送我畿;边,际,长引发江畿。\par
境:边境,国境;引,地方,区域,以聚常、郯之境;境地,处境,渐至佳境
境界:疆界;境况,情景,老来境界全非昨;事物所达到的程度,比丘白佛,斯义弘深,非我境界。\par
谓:告诉,对....说;楚王谓田鸠曰;说,此乃公孙衍所谓也;叫作,称为,能因敌变化而取胜者,谓之神;认为,以为,窃谓在位之人才不足;通为,因为,何谓咀药而死。\par
逾(踰):超过,越过,而墙高非人所逾;通遥,远远地,陟陇山以逾望兮,眇然览于八荒。\par
眇:瞎了一只眼睛;眼睛小,眇能视,跛能履;微小,察于徽眇;高远,遥远,志眇眇而临云,眇不知其所蹠;通妙,美,好\par
吾何以识其不才而舍之?何以,根据什么\par
如不得已,不得不如此\par
象:景象,朝晕夕阴,气象万千;形象,在天成象,在地成形;肖像,相貌,尝图裴楷象;效法,模仿,作事可法,德行可象;相似,好象,额鼻象五岳\par
相:仔细看,相彼泉水;容貌,长短、小大、善恶形象;引,以人的形体、相貌,来判断命运的迷信活动;辅助、帮助,乐桓子相赵文子;扶助盲人的人,固相师之道也;辅助君主掌管国事的最高官吏,后称宰相、丞相;古代主持礼节仪式的人,愿为小相焉;质地,金玉其相;互相,帝王不相复,何礼之循;表示动作偏指一方,杂然相许\par
形:形体,形具而神生;形状,兵无常势,水无常形;地形,险形者,我先居之;形势,岂齐不欲地哉,形弗能有也;表现,表露,情动于中而形于言;对照,比较,长短相形,高下相倾\par
势:势力,权力,势均力敌;位置,地位,处势卑戝;势头,力量的趋向,兵势强盛;趋势,百姓之势,待之而后安;形势,起兵而不知其势;时机,虽有智慧,不如乘势;虽有鎡基,不如待时;样式,款式,楼台非一势;姿势,推敲之势;男性生殖器,淫者割其势。\par
揣:测量,计丈数,揣高卑,度厚薄;估量,猜测,生揣我何意?\par
摩:物体相摩擦;按摩,抚摩,搓蹭,摩肩接踵;接近,迫近,物类之相摩近;揣测,体会,得太公阴符之谋,伏而诵之,简练以为揣摩,观摩;通磨,磨砺物体使其明亮、锋利。\par
简练:指在学术技艺上下功夫磨练;选择训练,简练戎士\par
许:答应,允许,答应献身;赞许,赞同,时人莫之许也;表示约数,长十丈许;这样,吾头颅如许,报国无路;处所,地方,常与疑问代词“何”“恶”等连用,先生不知何许人也;句末语气词,一生长恨奈何许
尔何曾比予于管仲。何曾,相当于何乃,为什么竟\par
所:处所,夜以火指鼓所;量词,套,座,用于房屋;适宜的地位,交易而退,各得其所;代词,放在动词前面,组成名词性词组,表示“.....的人”“......的事物”“....的地方”等,其各举所知,此人一一为具言所知;所以,表示.....原因,国之所以兴者,农战也,表示“用来.....东西”,夫仁义辩智,非所以持国也”;为.....所....,表示被动,为布所破;表示大概的数目,父去里所,复还;假若,如果,予所否者,天厌之,天厌之\par
且:连词,而且,并且,不义而富且贵,于我如浮云;即...且...,表示又...又...,三军即惑且疑;且...且...,表示又...又...或一边...一边...,上且怒且喜;连词,况且,且北方之人,不习水战;且夫,用于句首,表示更进一层可译为再说,且夫以身为苦而后化民者,尧舜之所难也;连词,尚且,臣死且不辞,岂特卮洒;抑惑,还是,日 有食之,则有变乎,且不乎?连词,即使,纵然,假使,如果,且静郭君听辩而为之;副词,暂且,姑且。\par
丁:健壮\par
甫:古代在男子名字下加的美称;开始,刚刚;\par
将:扶,持,无将大车;供养,奉献;引申抽象意义,拿用,将功赎罪;带领,将我上天;送,之子于归,百两将之;副词,将要,皮之不存,毛将安附;副词,且,又,将信将疑;连词,和,与同,暂伴月将影。\par
服:从事,做,若农服田力穑;习惯,适应,卒不服习;驾,拉车,服牛驾马。\par
绌:不足,相形见绌;通黜,废,贬退,展禽三绌;屈,屈服,这个意义通常写作诎\par
相:仔细看,审察,相鼠有皮,相时而动,引申为辩察人的身体容色,以判断他的命运;助,特指帮助盲人,后指宰相;赞礼者,愿为小相焉;互相,又指单方面对另方面\par
士:甲士,与卒不同;狱官,执法官,管夷吾举于士;\par
皂:植物名;黑色;古代一个卑贱的等级;马槽,槽。\par
毙:因病或伤身体倒下去,毙于车中;垮台,多行不义必自毙;引申为死\par
窬:门旁在小门洞,筚门圭窬蓬户瓮牗;洞,窟窿,其犹穿窬之盗与?;中空。\par
贼:毁,害,杀害;败坏者;凶狠。
盗指偷窃东西的人,贼指乱臣\par
诸侯的国,大夫的家\par
社:土地之神,土神\par
稷:谷神\par
菽:豆类的总称\par
豆:一种盛食物的器皿,汉代后为豆类的总称\par
谡:肃敬的样子\par
义:合理的事,应该做的事,引申为道理,行为合理的\par
近习:皇帝的亲近\par
道:道路,抽象意义为途径,交邻国有道乎?;封建社会所认为好的政治措施和政治局面,邦有道则仕,邦无道则卷而怀之;道理,规律;述说;引导
德:道德,修养;儒家所谓的德往往指心中能辨别是非善恶,引申为作风品行;恩惠,无怨无德,不知所报。引申为感激。\par
文:彩色交错为文,引申为华丽有文采,与“质”相对;文章,在绘画和刺绣上,青与赤相交错为文,赤与白交错为章,引申为文辞;文献,文学指文献与经典;独体的汉字为文,不以文害辞;文化教育,与武相对;动词,装饰,增添文采。文过饰非。\par
质:zhi4,抵押;本质,本性;朴实、朴素,与文相对,文质彬彬,然后君子;正,正直,用作动词时,表示向别人求正,以定是非,质诸鬼神而无疑,引申为询问、责问,今有双音词质问;同锧,砧板,鈇质,斩人的工具。\par
颜色:顔指额,色指脸上的表情。\par
管:像笛的管乐器;钥匙\par
恚:恼怒、发怒\par
秽:杂草多,荒芜;邪恶的行为或杂乱的文辞;污秽,丑陋,粪便。\par
荒:荒芜,荒地,荒废,主好要则百事详,主好详则百事荒;荒年;远方,以慰边荒;逸乐过度,放纵。\par
芜:田地荒废;丛生的草;草木茂盛;繁杂,多指文章,\par
蓋:盖,胜过,超过,功蓋五帝;崇尚,蓋威以好胜;连词,连接上句,表示推论原因;句首语气词。通盍,何不\par
镫:古代盛放熟食的器具;油灯;马鞍两旁的脚踏(后起意)\par
先生:有道德学问的人,用来作对人的尊称\par
前事之不忘,后事之师\par
内省不疚,夫何忧何惧\par
内子:聊大夫的嫡妻\par
jian4,夹缝,间隙,引申为置身于其中,间隔,间断,抄小道,抄近路;离间,挑拨;副词,偷偷的;闲暇。\par
\emph{判断名}\footnote{这个是错误的,需要修订}:以名词或名词性的词组为谓语,表示判断的。\par
是指示代词作判断句的主语或谓语\par
谓语前用“乃”加强肯定\par
意者:表示猜度,大概或许恐怕;表示选择,是...还是....;表示假设,如果
\par
矧:况且,不可度思,矧可射思,矧今之人,曾不是思;亦,也,元恶大憝,矧惟不孝不友;齿根,齿龈\par
疚:久病;忧苦,心内痛苦。\par
邪(耶):表示疑问,\par
也字用在单句或复句中作语气词,表示顿宕。用在主语、时间副词之后;用在复句中的第一分句之后,这个分句往往是表示时间修饰的分句。\par
宕:摇动、振荡,绝波之鳞,宕流则枯;流动、流荡,弟兄三人,佚宕中国;放纵,发辞偏宕,多致乘忏。\par
叙述句是以动词为谓语、叙述人或事物的行动变化的。\par
间接宾语放在动词和直接宾语之间。\par
\par
遑:闲暇、空闲,心之忧矣,不遑假寐;何暇,怎能,我躬不阅,遑恤人后;
遑遑:心神不安的样子,忧惧遑遑,未知其方;匆匆忙忙的样子,弃骐骥而不乘,焉遑遑而更索\par
世家:世世代代为卿大夫的家族\par
ji4,缉线,把麻搓成绳或线,不绩其麻;继承,子盍亦远绩禹功而大庇民乎;成绩,功绩,伯尊其无绩乎?\par
寂:没有声音,寂兮寥兮(无声无形,寥:空廓,没有形体);寂然,安静的样子,寂然不动,感而遂通;寂寞,儒者寂于空室,文吏哗于朝堂。\par
充仲子之操,则蚓而后可者也:假设要徹底体现陈仲子的操守,只好变成蚯蚓。\par
采邑:收租税的地方\par
钟:六斛四斗\par
颦:皱眉头,烛来翠眉颦;忧愁,昨夜琴声奏悲调,旭旦含颦不成笑。\par
顣:皱缩\par
蹙:紧迫,窘迫,曷云其还,政事愈蹙;逼近,使紧迫,逊督促诸军四面蹙之;紧缩,今也日蹙国百里;通蹴,踩,踏,踢\par
蹙然,蹙蹙:局促不安的样子,人瞻四方,蹙蹙靡所骋。\par
是尚为能充其类也乎?这还算是能够把自己的操守体现在一切行为当中吗?
恶用是**者为哉?\par
吾如有萌焉何哉?如....何,等于如之何,即奈何。在王身上有点为善的萌芽,我又能怎么样呢?\par
惟弈秋之为听:唯弈秋是听\par
数目、数量计之以数六艺之一算术几、几个数口之家可以无饥也规律、必然性夫物之合并必有数存乎其间焉天命、命运以为李广数奇毋令当单于方略、方法故为国之数务在垦草技艺、方术数有所不逮神有所不通顺序、次序其数则始乎诵经终科读礼cu4,稠密与疏相对妇人疏字者活数乳者死shu3,计算杂而不可胜数shu3,称赞称道余子碌碌莫足数也shu3,一一列举,何不壹令臣得孰数之于前。\par
zhuo2,拴在箭上的生丝绳,治其缯缴,将加已乎百仞之上;缴绕,缠绕,纠缠不清,名家苛察,使不不得反其意。\par
捣:捣,舂;攻击、攻打,批亢捣虚(批,攻击;亢,吭,咽喉,比喻要害)\par
gu3,指盐,凡齐事,鬻盬以待戒令;不坚牢,器用盬恶,孰当督之;止息,王事靡盬,不能艺稷黍;吸饮,晋侯梦与楚子博,楚子伏己而盬其脑。\par
靡:倒下,吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之;细小,靡草死,麦秋至;细腻,靡颜靡理(肌肤);无、没有,靡不有初,鲜克有终;不,其祥靡得而记焉;浪费、奢侈,以靡其财;损害,王若行之,将妨于国家,靡王躬身;通摩,摩擦,蹭\par
拂拭、轻轻擦过春风拂面碰触、击打客着葛巾角低头拂棋振动、抖动拂袖而去违背、不顺忠言拂于耳bi4,通弼,辅助。\par
桓(恆):经常、常常,嗟尔君子,无(不要)恒安处;固定的、永久的,无恒产而有恒心者,惟士为能;常规、准则,因阴阳之恒,顺天地之常;平常、一般,甘茂贤人,非恒人也。\par
通达、顺利品物咸亨同享公用亨于天子peng同烹\par
贞:占卜,以贞来岁之媺恶;坚定、有操守,且夫(而且,再说)贞臣也难至而节见;封建礼教的一种道德观念,指妇女不改嫁;正,一人元良,尤邦以贞。\par
元:头,狄人归其元;为首的,元恶不待教而诛;开始、第一,元年者何?;善,高辛氏有才子,谓之八元;[元元],善良的,以全天下元元之民|民众、百姓,狱多冤结,元元愁恨;大,纣为暴虐,而元龟不占。\par
人恒过,然后能改;困于心,横于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。\par
与纵相对地理上东西为横南北为纵纵横错杂洪水横流泛滥于天下充溢置之而塞天地溥之而横乎四海广、广阔浩浩汤汤横无际涯heng4,蛮横、残暴武安日益横heng4,出乎意料地,横遇飞祸矣。\par
征(徵):召、征召,赵相征至长安;追究、追问,寡人是征;证明,善言天者必征于人;应验,休征;迹象、预兆,兵未战而先见败征;求、取,梁王伐邯郸而征师于宋;征税,据诸州府应征两税。\par
喻:告诉、使人知道,故作书以喻意;知道、了解,征于色(表现在脸上),发于声,而后喻;比喻。\par
副词将、快别来行复四年xing4,名词行为一般指道德上的表现听其言而观其行hang2,行列,属当戎行,无所逃隐。\par
走:逃跑;奔向,民之归仁也,犹水之就下,兽之走圹(原野)也,走投无路。\par
法家:有法度的世臣\par
入:纳,入其社稷之臣于秦,\par
溥:广大,逝彼百泉,瞻彼溥泉;普遍,溥天之下,莫非王土;通敷,分布,夫孝,置之而塞乎天地,溥之则横乎四海\par
之:指示代词,之子于归,之二虫又何知;人称代词,他、她、它;介词,的,王道之始也。\par
适:动词,到某地去,子适卫;嫁,女子子适人者;副词,正巧,恰在这个时候;通嫡,正妻所生的,杀适立庶。\par
之如适可以带直接宾语,而往不行,往之女家;赴表示奔向(特别是奔向水火或凶险之境),而不是简单的往。\par
进:向前走,推进,跟退相对;引申义:到朝延去做官,使到朝延里来,任用,向在上者推荐;献纳,群臣进谏\par
退:向后走,后退;引申义:撤退,从朝延、老师、父亲处回来,不在朝延任职;不与人竞争,由此为退让君子。\par
逸:逃走,随侯逸;奔跑的很快,马逸不能止;隐遁,举逸民;散失,逸文(通轶,佚);走出常格,卓越,旷世逸才;放纵、安逸、安乐,逸居而无教,则近于禽兽。\par
偪:侵逼,逼近\par
决:打开缺口,导引水流,决汝汉;引申为洪水把堤岸冲开,大决所犯,伤人必多;判定、决定,余有所疑,愿因先王决之\par
犯:侵犯、触犯,儒以文乱法,侠以武犯禁;犯罪,犯人;危害、损害,若防大川者,溃而所犯必大也;遭遇、冒犯,触风雨,犯寒暑。\par
治:治水,防御它或疏导它,禹之治水,水之道也;处理,进行某种工作,恶能治国家;治的引申义应用甚广,凡加于名词前,就表示对此事物进行应用的处理;去声,形容词,治理好的,舜有五臣而天下治。\par
治是治水,理是治玉,唐朝时因避讳唐高宗李治的讳,常常把治说成理,如其国家可几而理矣。\par
树:种植、栽种,十年树木,百年树人;名词,树木。\par
树与木区别:树可以是动词,而木不可;木可当木材讲,而树不可\par
艺:种植,树艺五谷;才能、技能、本领,能多材多艺\par
埴:制陶器用的黏土\par
事:事情,故事半古之人,功必倍之;事字随上下文不同,而带有特殊的意义;动词,侍奉,指为君主或父母服务,欲与父母,臣请事之;动词,从事于,汉方欲事灭胡。\par
xu4,养俯不足畜妻子xu4,积聚、储藏苟为不畜终身不得chu4,家养的禽兽,为六畜五牲三牺,以奉五味。六畜:马牛羊鸡犬豕\par
保:抚养,若保赤子;安(不是保护)保民而王,莫之能御也;守住,乃先保南里以待之。\par
爱:爱,爱其母,引申为怜惜,爱其二毛(指有花白头发的人);舍不得、吝惜,吾何爱一牛\par
伤:受伤,特指在战斗时遭受创伤,郤克伤于矢;引申为损害,其何伤于日月;何伤二字独用,愿意是损害了什么,可译成有什么关系;无伤二字独用,愿意是没有损害什么,可以译成没有什么关系;悲伤,维以不永伤\par
害:损害,伤害,君亦无所害;引申为嫉妒,上官大夫与之同列,争宠而心害其能;妨害,害于耕;名词,祸害、害处,国之害也;通曷,何不,时日害丧\par
摆在一起五音比而韶夏用于抽象意义表示当作同类看待子比而同之是乱天下也比较、较量比权量力bi4,偏袒、偏心自己的人朋比为奸立其子不为比bi4,及,表示等到了那个时候,比其反也,则冻馁其妻子;诗六艺之一,风雅颂赋比兴\par
永:水流长,江之永矣;长,身乖路永;永远,永为仪则;声调抑扬地念诵、歌唱,诗言志,歌永言。\par
浦:水边、岸边,率彼淮浦;小河流入江海的入口处,还遇风,停浦中;港汊、水湾,约行百余里,随流入小浦中\par
喻:天子告臣民,上告下叫喻。\par
chi1,舒展、铺陈,若摛锦布綉;传布,摛之罔极\par
敕:告诫、嘱咐,公敕诸将;皇帝的命令或诏书,其明敕百寮;通饬,整顿、整治。\par
诏:告、告诉,背面诏明神;告诫、教诲,若子不听父之诏,问而不诏,知而不为;诏书,皇帝的命令或文告,遵奉遗诏,永承重戒;皇帝下命令,于是诏罢丞相兵;召见,诏伊尹于亳郊兮。\par
诰:告诉,伊尹申诰于王;皇帝给臣子的命令,潜草诏诰,人无知者;告诫、劝勉,近臣谏,远臣谤,舆人诵,以自诰也(谤:公开指出过失;舆:众;诵:述说)\par
表:文章的一种,臣下给皇帝的奏章;\par
诚:不诡诈、不虚伪,与诈、伪相对,修辞立其诚;副词,实在、的确,子诚齐人也;引申为假设之词,赵诚发使尊秦昭王为帝。\par
伪:人为的,人之性恶,其善者伪也;诡诈、不诚实,从许子之道,相率而为伪者也;假的、非真的,被以不慈之伪名\par
善:美好,泠然善也;有道德,与恶相对,不如乡人之善者好之;指高明、有本领、擅长,子是之学,亦为不善变也;做的对,以议执政之善否;指令人满意的,求善贾而沽诸?\par
沽名钓誉待价而沽卖酒的人gu3,简略、粗疏。\par
售:卖出去,货而不售;实现,挟邪作蛊,于是不售;考试得中,司我明试,时维邦彦,各以文售,幸皆少年;施展奸计,以售其奸;买,偶售得之;\par
鬻:卖,楚人有鬻盾与矛者;买,鬻声钓世;通育,生育,毛者孕鬻。\par
淫:过分而不得当,过度,专淫逸侈靡;不正当男女关系、淫邪,谣诼谓余以善淫;贪色、纵欲,贪色为淫。\par
凶:不吉利,与吉相对;饥荒,凶年免于死亡。\par
疏:上给皇帝的奏议,论贵粟疏\par
饥(饑):五谷不成熟、荒年。飢用于饥饿,饑用于饥荒\par
孰:熟,煮熟了的,宰夫胹熊蹯不孰;引申为深入、深透,凡虑事欲孰,深思孰虑;孰视,看了又看;五谷丰年,与饥相对,五谷孰而民人育;谁,哪个,哀公问弟子孰为好学。\par
谁与孰区别:谁专指人,孰可以指物;孰用于选择问,谁不用于选择问\par
shan4,足够,以力服人者,非心服也,力不赡也;充足、丰富,心术即形,英华乃赡;引申为供给别人财物,禄俸所资,皆以赡给九族\par
共:通拱,拱手,子路共子;通供,供给、供应,王祭不共;通恭;副词,共同;动词,共同享受或共同占有,又表示共同的情况\par
乖:违背、不协调,内外乖者,可亡也。\par
诽:批评、指责过失,以理之可诽,虽多诽,其诽是也;赏者有诽焉,不足以劝,罚者有誉也,不足以禁;毁谤,说别人坏话,是以不诱于誉,不恐于诽。\par
谤、诽、讥:三个字都是指责别人过错或短处。但谤一般指公开的指责,诽是背地里议论、嘀咕,讥是微言讽刺。\par
衍:漫延、扩展,流衍四方;满溢,伐木于阪,酾酒有衍;余裕、盛多,国富人衍;书籍中由于排版、传抄错误等原因造成多出来的不应有的字句;低而平坦,北方之萌者,衍处负海;山坡\par
同:共同享受,与民同乐也;同属,鸟兽不可与同群\par
布:古代的一种货币;铺开、分布,收葱子,必薄布阴干;公布、宣告,法者,设之于官府,而布之于百姓者\par
帛:丝制品的总称;帛书,写在白细绢上的文字。
异:异日、异时,往日,往时,将来;异物,不同之物,假于异物,托于同礼,引申为别的行业,见异思迁;奇怪,觉得奇怪,渔人甚异之\par
斤斤:明察的样子,斤斤其明,斤斤计较\par
钧:三十斤;陶匠做陶器时,模子下面旋转的工具叫钧;用于比喻,大钧,洪钧指天;通均,同样,均是人也,或为大人,或为小人\par
钟:积聚,泽,水之钟也,一见钟情\par
倍:背向、背着,右倍山陵;违背,师死而倍之;加倍,虽玩其采,不倍领袖\par
玩:玩弄、戏弄,玩人丧德,玩物丧志;观赏、欣赏,暂辍观书夜,还題玩月诗;琢磨、研究,居则观其象而玩其辞,动则观其变而玩其占;轻视、习惯而不经心,水懦弱,民狎而玩之,则多死焉\par
政:统治管理的工作。\par
动词教导教育名词文体的一种诸侯王公的命令叫教又诏诰教令之流表奏牋记之列jiao1,动词,使,多用于诗文,打起黄鶯儿,莫教枝上啼。\par
笺(箋牋):一种文体,写给尊贵者的书信,安投笺求归;一种注释,郑玄做毛诗笺;精美的纸张,供题诗或写字用\par
牒:简札,古人在发明造纸前用的小而薄的木片;书籍、簿册,其高第者上名牒;文书,夜半军牒来\par
札:古代用来写字的小木片,上令尚书给毛札;书信,遥怀具短札;古时铠甲上的金属叶片;因瘟疫而死,土气和,无札厉(疫病)\par
札子:向皇帝或长官进言议事的一种公文,也称奏札\par
法:法令、法律,上古的法,着重在规定刑罚;制度,内文法度,务耕织;动词,效法。\par
洽:沾湿,湿润,霈然而雨,物之茎叶根垓,莫不洽濡;和谐,融洽,矢其文德,洽其四国;广博,普遍,博物洽闻;通达,故民爱可洽于上也。\par
勋(勳):功劳\par
尺地莫非其有也,一民莫非其臣也,然而文王犹方百里起,是以难也\par
普天之下,莫非王土;率土这滨,莫非王臣\par
率:张网捕捉(飞禽);遵循,沿着,率彼淮浦;带领,率领,遂率子孙荷担着三夫;表率,楷模,上所委任,一州之率也;主将,统帅,将率不能则兵
弱;直率,坦率,瞻性率亮;率尔,率然,轻率的样子,子路率尔而对;大致,一般,进谋者率以为是;一律,一概,占小善者率以录;大率,大概;标准,有军功者,各以率受上爵;比率,建始以来,日食地震,以率言之,三倍春秋。\par
飢者易为食,渴者易为飮。\par
置:赦罪,释放,赏亲阅,见十置一;放到一边,放弃,置之不理;搁,安放,金人十二,重各千石,置迁宫中;立,建立,置法而不变,使民安其法者也;购置,添置;驿站,五十里而一置。\par
殊:死,殊死。\par
疏:疏通,禹疏九河;清洗,清除,教之乐,以疏其秽而镇其浮;分,分给,襄子疏队而击之;疏远,与亲相对;稀,与密相对,天网恢恢,疏而不漏;粗糙,彼疏斯粺;浅薄,不精,才疏志大不自量;疏忽,不周密,其于计疏矣;分条陈述,数疏光过失;书信,虽书疏往返,未足解其劳结;注释的一种,对古书进行注释,并对前人所做的注释加以引申和说明。\par
虽然:虽然这样\par
饔:熟食,膳宰致饔;熟肉;烹饪,古代有“饔人”之官;朝食。\par
飧(飱):吃晚饭,不飧而寑;熟食,公子受飧反壁;用汤水浇饭,君未覆手,不敢飧。\par
膳:烹调食物,春行羔豚膳膏香;饭食,其令太官损膳省宰(太官,掌管皇帝饮食的官);吃,食下,问所膳;送饭,进献食物,膳以十二牛。\par
宰:邑宰,某一邑的长官;官吏的通称,宰者何,官也;卿大夫的家臣,仲由为季氏宰;主宰,心也者,道之工宰;杀牲畜,割肉,烹羊宰牛且为乐;社宰,里中社祭主持分配胙肉的人。\par
羹:用肉或菜调和五味做成的带汤的食物。\par
仓:粮仓,仓府两虚,国弱;船舱;通苍,青色;仓卒,仓猝:匆忙急迫的样子,仓猝之业,须臾之名。\par
廪:米仓,仓廪虽满,不偷于农;官方供给食物,问死事之寡,其饩廪何如?积聚,廪于肠胃;廪廪,通懔懔,恐惧的样子\par
府:古时国家收藏文书或财物的地方,藏于盟府(收藏盟书的地方);比喻事物聚焦的地方,吾不为怨府;官府,宫中府中俱为一体;唐宋时大州称为府,明清时府是县以上的行政区域,奉天府;脏腑,五藏六府\par
库:存放兵甲战车的地方;泛指存放物品的地方。\par
庚:露天的谷仓,野有庚积;一般的谷仓;容量单位,一庚等于十六斗\par
则是:那么这是\par
厉:磨刀石,涉渭为乱,取厉取锻(锤打金属器具用的砧石);勉励,激励,乃厉气循城,立于矢石之所;严肃,望之俨然,即之也温,听其言也厉,声色俱厉;不脱衣服过河,深则厉,浅则揭;剧烈,猛,厉风济(停);祸患,危害,降此大厉;恶鬼,晋侯梦大厉\par
恶得贤?哪里够得上称为贤君呢\par
奚冠?,戴什么帽子?奚为,为什么,许子奚为不自织?\par
甑:古代的一种瓦制炊具\par
宰相必起于州部,猛将必发于卒伍\par
俨:庄重的样子,有美一人,硕大且俨\par
俨然:庄重的样子,其容良,俨然壮然(良:温和);整齐的样子,土地平旷(宽阔),屋舍俨然;似真的样子,见浮图于海中,光明照耀,俨然如新。\par
陶:烧制陶器;冶:冶炼铁器\par
纷纷然:忙碌的样子\par
独:偏,单单\par
舍:客舍,夫子休就舍;住宿:宣子田于首山,舍于翳桑;休息,止息,逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜;止息之处,故静因志意,神归其舍;置,安置,王不如舍需于侧,以稽二人者之所为;一宿为一舍,再宿为信,过信为次;三十里为一舍,退避三舍;放弃,不要,舍法而任智,故民舍事而好誉;除去,离开,当今之世,舍我其谁?施舍,布施,施舍不倦,求善不厌。\par
陶器用黏土烧制的器物今耕渔不争陶器不窳yu3粗劣制作陶瓦器的人造就培养陶成天下之才快乐欢喜共陶暮春时陶然快乐的样子\par
陶冶:陶工和铸工,陶冶梓匠,使各从事其所能;烧制陶器和冶炼金属;培养,锻炼,所谓陶冶而成之者何?亦教之,养之、取之、任之有其道而已;怡情养性,禹锡在朗州十年,唯以文章唅咏,陶冶情性。\par
冶:冶炼金属,冶铸煮盐;造就,培养,冶天下之士而使之皆有士君子之才;艳丽,多姿,慢藏诲盗,冶容诲淫;通野,郊外,冶游步春露。\par
诲:教导,指教。\par
路:道路,平原忽兮路超远;思想或行动的途径,愿陈志而无路;大,路弓乘知,集获坛下;车,筚路蓝缕,以启山林(筚路,荆条编成的柴车,蓝缕,形容衣服破烂,启,开发 )宋元时的行政区域名,宋代的路相当于现代的省,元代的路相当于现代的地区。\par
滥:大水漫出,泛滥,洪水横流,氾滥于天下;过度,无节制,刑不欲滥;失真,不切实,民听滥也;通鉴,大盆,夫灵公有妻三人,同滥而浴。\par
畅:畅通,无阻碍,登台四望,三面皆畅;通晓,晓畅军事;舒畅,旧国旧都,望之畅然;尽情,充分,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情;旺盛,草木畅茂,禽兽繁殖。
敷:普遍,敷求哲人;布,施,文命敷于四海;搽,涂,神膏即敷,顷刻活殘朽;铺,铺展,于笼中高处,敷细草,令初始处其上;陈述、铺陈,敷文\par
忽:不注意,不重视,愿陛下幸察愚臣之计,无忽;快速,其亡也忽也;忽然,金鼓忽破;轻捷,轻易,劙盘盂,刎牛马忽然耳;灭亡,堙灭,是伐是肆,是绝是忽;辽阔渺茫的样子,平原忽兮路超远;忽忽,恍惚(模糊不清)\par
烈:猛,夫火烈,民望而畏之;放火烧,益烈山泽而焚之;光明,显赫,君有烈名;事业,功绩,於皇(伟大)武王,无竞(无能相比)维烈,及至始皇,历六世之余烈;刚毅,有节操,非烈丈夫孰能至上哉。烈士,刚烈之士,积极建立功业的人。\par
毓:养育,鸟鱼之毓川泽,得气者蕃滋,失时者零落;产生,详观其区土之所产毓;培养,禀道毓德,讲艺立言。\par
注:倒入,灌入,注焉而不满;流入,丰水东注;附着,注旄首曰旌;集中于基本一点上,四海注目;记载,国不置史,注记无官;用来赌博的财物,博者输钱欲尽,乃罄所有出之,谓之孤注,孤注一掷;屋檐滴水处,高廊四注,重坐曲阁\par
排:推,排山倒海;击打,攻击,强秦北排;排挤,排斥,诸儒内怀不服,相与排之;排除,消除,为人排患、释难、解纷乱而无所取也;分解开,屠年担一朝解十二牛,而芒刃不顿者,所排击剥割,皆众理解也;安排,准备,亭吏呼人排去马,忽惊身在古梁州;排列,松排山面千重翠,月点波心一颗珠。
司徒:掌管教育等事\par
人伦:古代社会所规定的人与人之间的正常关系。\par
司徒是古代的一个重要官职名,其职责主要包括掌管教育、土地和民众,周代负责籍田、管理山泽、征发徭役等。相当于现代的教育部长和农业部长。司马:专门负责马匹的官职,是非常重要的军职,掌军政和军赋,相当于后世的兵马大元帅;司空,主要负责掌管水利、营建之事,相当于工部尚书;东宫,古代太子所居住的地方,亦指太子;太师,太子老师;太傅:辅助国君处理朝政,掌管全国的军政大权;太保,教导军事知识,保护天子安全;司士:掌管官爵俸禄,相当于隋唐之后的吏部;司寇:掌管治安和维稳,相当于隋唐之后的刑部\par
丞相--总理;太尉-国防部长;御史大夫-中纪委;奉常-文化部;郎中令-安全部、特勤保镖;卫尉-安全部、宫门警卫;太仆-装备部;延尉-最高法院;典客-外交部;宗正-皇家官家;少府-发改委;治票内史-税务部\par
序:古代地方学校,夏曰校,殷曰序,周曰庠;堂层的东西墙;秩序,次序,夫天地之气,不失其序;序文,序言,兰亭集序。\par
振:挥动,抖动,振长策而御宇内\par
禀:承受,先王所禀受于天地,以其为民也;禀性,天性所赋,此乃天然异禀;禀告,下对上言事,内外咨禀,盈堦满室\par
芒:一种茅草,可制作绳索和草鞋;谷类植物种子壳上或草木上的针状物;刀枪的锋芒,刀尖,莫不衂锐挫芒;光芒,昴宿垂芒;通茫,模糊不清,目茫然无见;昏昧无知,其我独茫,而人亦有不茫者乎?(其,表示疑问的语气词);同恍,恍惚,形容不可捉摸或不可辨认。\par
是故以天下与人易,为天下得人难\par
荡荡乎,广大辽阔的样子;巍巍乎,高大的样子\par
荡:摇动,夫人荡舟,引申为动摇,不安定,天下不能荡也;放纵,放荡,古之狂也肆,今之狂也荡;荡然,放纵的样子,荡然肆志,不诎于诸侯,败坏的样子,风俗荡然;荡涤邪秽;平坦,鲁道有荡;广大,美哉荡乎,乐而不淫
荡荡:平坦的样子,路荡荡其无人;广大的样子,大海荡荡水所归\par
散开散发靡朝风而肆芳延伸又欲肆其西封减缓赦免眚灾肆赦尽力无拘束与其屈人孰若肆吾志哉放肆肆无忌惮陈设陈列肆筵设席显明其言曲而中其事肆而隐作坊店铺百工居肆以成其事因此不敢荒宁肆中宗之享国七十有五年通肄yi4,研习,练习。
巍:高大,太山之高巍然。\par
膺:胸,博膺而踊;服膺,衷心信服,牢记在心,文学结发学语,服膺不舍;马当胸的带子;受,坐膺天禄,其事不成;抵抗,抗击,戎狄是膺,荆舒是惩
\par
出于幽谷,迁于乔木\par
惩:因受到打击而引起警戒或不再干,予其惩而毖其患(其,语气词,表示期望,毖,谨慎);责罚,处罚,无恶不惩,无善不显;苦于,惩山北之塞,出入之迁也。\par
斯:劈开,墓门有棘(酸枣树),斧以斯之;分开,斯而析之,精至于无伦;指示代词,此,有美玉于斯;连词,那么,就,如知其非义,斯速已矣;句中句末语气词,哀我人斯;斯须,须臾,片刻,礼乐不可斯须去身。\par
攘:排斥,排除,攘弃仁义;偷,窃取,攘人犬豕鸡豚;侵夺,诸侯暴乱,擅相攘伐;扰乱,故至于攘天下,害百姓;撩起,挽起,奋袂(扬起袖子)攘襟;容忍,屈心而抑志兮,忍尤而攘诟;纷扰,扰乱,况草创豪帅,本无业徒,困攘扰之时,擅有山川之利。\par
速:招致,危身以速罪;迎请,邀请,主人亲速宾及介,而众宾皆从之,不速之客\par
关:门闩,引申为关闭;关口,要塞,从近关出;关卡,税关,重关市之赋;中医切脉部位名称之一,三部者,寸、关、尺也;机械的发动处,施关发机;牵连,涉及,言有关涉,事便显露;经由,事大小皆关其手;关白,告知,此小事,何须关大将军;古代公文的一种,平等机关关互相质询事使用。\par
无将大车只自尘兮供养奉献王事靡監不遑将父抽象意义而将其头以为饮器将功赎罪带领将我上天之子于归百两将之jiang4,带兵,公将上军,太子申生将下军;副词,将要,皮之不存,毛将安傅(附在哪里);副词,且,又,将恐将惧,将信将疑;连词,和,与,同,暂伴月将影。\par
充:塞,充耳琇莹,充耳不闻;满,实,而君之仓廩实,府库充;充当,当作,半匹红绡一丈绫,系向牛头充炭值。\par
系:挂、悬,群言系于口;拴、绑,系绊其足;继,连接,系唐统,接汉绪;带子,以青系为绲(帽子上的带子);世系,系统,汉朝丞相系,梁日帝王孙。\par
伤:伤,受伤,郤克伤于矢;伤害,妨害,且魏臣不忠不信,于王何伤?诋毁,中伤,人伤尧以不慈之名;悲伤,哀痛,天下莫不伤,多情自古伤离别;丧祭,明君饰食饮吊伤之礼;过于,太,柳讶眉伤浅,桃猜粉太轻。\par
自身自己兔不可复得而身为宋国笑指品德、才力、行为等吾日三省吾身一生毕生故终其身不氏亲自亲身经历吾起兵至今八岁矣身七十余战地位身份妾身未分明yu\={a}n身毒古代对印度的称呼。\par
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[1
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[1]
Chapter 1.
[1
]
Chapter 2.
[2
]
Chapter 3.
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Chapter 4.
! Undefined control sequence.
l.48 \textcolor
{red}{this si test}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
[4
] (./zaji.aux)
LaTeX Font Warning: Some font shapes were not available, defaults substituted.
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Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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192723 string characters out of 5808212
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26358 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
515090 words of font info for 68 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
1348 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
89i,6n,97p,363b,463s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s
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@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
\end{abstract}
\chapter{生活}
\section{健身}
一吸就提,气气归脐;一提就咽,水火相见。\par
一呼一吸,通乎气机;一动一静,通乎造化。
\chapter{git}
\chapter{cmake}
@ -29,8 +30,20 @@
\end{verbatim*}
\chapter{五笔字型}
\chapter{latex}
数学环境下输入拼音
\begin{verbatim}
$\bar{e}$
$\acute{e}$
$\check{e}$
$\grave{e}$
\end{verbatim}
普通文本模式下输入:
\begin{verbatim}
\={e}
\'{e}
\v{e}
\`{e}
\end{verbatim}
\textcolor{red}{this si test}
\end{document}